Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and flour a 9-inch round cake pan.
In a large bowl, whisk together the Greek yogurt, granulated sugar, eggs, vegetable oil, and vanilla extract until smooth and well combined.
In a separate bowl, sift together the all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, stirring gently until just combined. Do not overmix.
Pour half of the batter into the prepared cake pan and spread evenly.
Arrange half of the kiwi slices over the batter in a single layer.
Pour the remaining batter over the kiwi slices and spread evenly.
Top the cake with the remaining kiwi slices, gently pressing them into the batter.
Bake for 35 to 40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven and allow it to cool in the pan for 10 minutes.
Transfer the cake to a wire rack to cool completely.
Once cooled, dust the top of the cake with powdered sugar before serving.